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Commercial Milk Output Reaches Record 122 Million Litres in 2025

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Zimbabwe’s commercial milk output reached its highest level in more than two decades in 2025, with raw milk production rising to about 122 million litres. When non-commercial milk consumed at household level is included, total national production stood at nearly 129 million litres.

The strong performance reflects continued recovery and structural strengthening of the dairy industry, driven by a combination of Government support and private sector investment implemented under the Second Republic.

Industry data shows that commercial milk production has grown by about 85 percent since 2017, when output was recorded at 66 million litres. Figures from the Dairy Services Unit indicate that the last time comparable volumes were achieved was in 2003, when production reached 111 million litres.

Zimbabwe Association of Dairy Farmers (ZADF) national chairman, Mr Edward Warambwa, said December recorded the highest monthly output on record, with milk deliveries reaching about 11,4 million litres.

He said total commercial milk production for 2025 amounted to 121,8 million litres, excluding an estimated seven million litres produced and consumed outside the formal market. This brought overall milk output for the year to approximately 128,8 million litres.

ZADF praised dairy farmers for maintaining production growth despite operating under challenging conditions, including rising input costs, limited access to affordable finance and ageing infrastructure.

Mr Warambwa said production costs have steadily increased over recent years, rising from around US$0,56 per litre in 2021 to US$0,60 in 2022 and about US$0,63 per litre currently, while producer prices have failed to respond accordingly.

Over the same period, retail prices for Ultra-High Temperature (UHT) milk have fluctuated significantly, ranging from about US$1,10 per litre in 2021, peaking at US$1,75 in 2024, and averaging roughly US$1,35 per litre at present.

He noted that although production costs stabilised during most of 2025, the average producer price remained at around US$0,58 per litre, raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of dairy farming if the pricing imbalance persists.

According to ZADF, the dairy industry supports about 42 000 jobs and maintains a national herd of roughly 67 000 cattle, including more than 40 000 milking cows.

Mr Warambwa said Zimbabwe could achieve milk self-sufficiency this year if key challenges — including pricing, regulatory costs, power supply reliability and access to suitable financing — are adequately addressed.

Milk intake by processors remained strong throughout the year, averaging above nine million litres per month from July to December, pointing to improved productivity at farm level and stable marketing arrangements.

Processor intake started the year at 8,76 million litres in January, dipped slightly in February and then rose steadily from March. The second half of the year marked a clear upswing, with July and August recording monthly intakes of 9,23 million litres and 9,40 million litres, respectively.

December delivered the strongest performance, with milk volumes destined for sale exceeding 11,41 million litres, the highest monthly figure recorded in 2025.

Direct sales by producers to consumers remained steady at between 700 000 and 780 000 litres per month, indicating that formal processors continue to absorb most of the milk produced. However, the consistent level of direct retailing highlights the growing contribution of small-scale and peri-urban dairy farmers to local supply.

Year-on-year data shows positive growth across most months, particularly towards the end of the year. October, November and December recorded increases of 9,7 percent, 10,15 percent and 13,43 percent, respectively, reflecting improvements in feed availability, herd management and favourable weather conditions.

Agronomist Ms Pamela Macheka attributed the sector’s performance to improved farm practices, including better pasture management, increased use of silage and commercial feeds, and enhanced extension support services.

She said continued investment in animal genetics and irrigation would help sustain the gains achieved so far.

Overall, the 2025 results suggest a dairy industry that is rebuilding confidence, capacity and competitiveness, positioning it as an important contributor to agricultural growth and national nutrition security.

Zimbabwe’s dairy recovery has been supported by several targeted interventions. In 2018, the Second Republic launched the Command Livestock Programme, under which 660 heifers were distributed to 151 beneficiaries across Matabeleland South’s seven districts.

The Presidential Silage Programme, implemented through the Agricultural Finance Corporation and the Commercial Bank of Zimbabwe, was introduced to support 1 338 farmers with feed production.

In addition, the European Union-funded Zimbabwe Agricultural Growth Programme supported the Transforming Zimbabwe’s Dairy Value Chain for the Future (TranZDVC) project, which registered more than 4 000 new dairy farmers between 2019 and 2022.

The project also strengthened genetics by importing 500 in-calf heifers from South Africa between 2020 and 2021, distributing them through a heifer-matching grant system. It further procured thousands of straws of sexed and conventional dairy semen and expanded artificial insemination services to improve breeding, reduce inbreeding and enhance the national gene pool.

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COTTCO Scandal: US$70 Million Vanishes as Farmers Suffer, Governance in Crisis

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Harare, Zimbabwe  – A shocking exposé has rocked the Cotton Company of Zimbabwe Limited (COTTCO), revealing that over US$70 million in crucial funding has allegedly been mismanaged within a single year. This staggering revelation comes as COTTCO continues to fail in its fundamental duty to pay thousands of struggling cotton farmers, sparking outrage and raising serious questions about corporate governance and accountability within state-linked entities.

The bombshell dropped during a Parliamentary Portfolio Committee hearing on Lands, Agriculture, Fisheries, Water and Rural Development. John Mangudya, the Chief Executive of the Mutapa Investment Fund, laid bare the grim reality: despite receiving massive financial injections, COTTCO remains a financial black hole, unable to meet its obligations to the very people who sustain the cotton industry.

Mangudya’s testimony painted a damning picture. He disclosed that COTTCO benefits from approximately US$60 million annually in government-backed input support. On top of this, the Mutapa Investment Fund injected an additional US$11 million last year, specifically intended to help clear COTTCO’s mounting debts. Yet, despite this colossal sum – a total exceeding US$70 million – the company still failed to settle an estimated US$25 million in debts.

“This points to serious financial mismanagement,” Mangudya asserted, directly implicating COTTCO’s board and executive for their glaring failures in oversight. He highlighted a disturbing pattern of corporate governance lapses and strong indications of financial irregularities that demand immediate and thorough investigation. In a particularly egregious revelation, Mangudya confirmed that a significant portion of the US$11 million from Mutapa – approximately US$6.6 million – which was explicitly allocated for farmer payments, was instead diverted to service bank debts. This desperate move was reportedly made under duress, as lenders threatened to seize company assets, leaving farmers in the lurch.

In a move that smacks of crisis management, COTTCO’s board resolved on April 28, 2026, to place the company under voluntary corporate rescue. This decision, made under Section 122 of the Insolvency Act (Chapter 6:07), acknowledges the company’s dire financial state, characterized by crippling liquidity constraints, astronomical debt levels, and an ever-growing pile of arrears. While Mangudya attempted to spin this as a “strength” – a necessary intervention to protect COTTCO and facilitate investigation – the reality is that it exposes a profound systemic failure.

“The process that we have taken is a good one because the corporate rescue practitioner will investigate what was happening,” Mangudya stated, attempting to reassure a skeptical public. He insisted that the appointment of corporate rescue practitioners, Farai Chibisa and Ian Mtetwa of Grant Thornton Zimbabwe, would not halt any ongoing investigations or forensic audits. Their mandate is to oversee the restructuring and implement a turnaround strategy, with COTTCO optimistically claiming viability due to its asset base and market presence.

However, this optimism rings hollow for the thousands of cotton farmers who remain unpaid, their livelihoods jeopardized by what appears to be gross negligence and potential corruption. The scale of this alleged financial mismanagement is set to ignite a firestorm of demands for accountability. The corporate rescue process, while perhaps a legal necessity, must not become a shield for those responsible. It must serve as a conduit for a comprehensive, transparent review of COTTCO’s financial affairs, with a clear commitment from Mangudya that any evidence of wrongdoing will be met with decisive action. The Zimbabwean public, and especially its hardworking farmers, deserve nothing less than full transparency and justice for this egregious misuse of public and farmer funds.

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Kutsaga fueling food security and rural growth

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Kutsaga fueling food security and rural growth

Kutsaga Research Station, once synonymous with Zimbabwe’s tobacco industry, is now spearheading a transformative agricultural revolution, pivoting its scientific prowess towards rural industrialisation and national food security.

This monumental shift, lauded by Agriculture Permanent Secretary Prof. Dr. Obert Jiri at the recent ZITF 2026, marks a critical stride in aligning research with commercial viability and the nation’s ambitious Vision 2030 agricultural agenda.

Prof. Dr. Jiri said Kutsaga’s innovative expansion beyond its traditional mandate.

He specifically praised the station’s success in developing tissue-cultured virus-free sweet potatoes and pioneering industrial hemp cultivation.

These initiatives exemplify how institutional expertise can be leveraged to create commercially viable products, underscoring the imperative that research must be commercialised to ensure its long-term sustainability.

“Kutsaga’s transformation is not just about diversifying crops, it is about building resilient value chains that directly benefit our rural communities,” said Prof. Dr. Jiri.

ALSO READ: Global seed giants eye Zimbabwe as strategic hub

This strategic redirection aims to reduce the nation’s reliance on single commodities, thereby shielding farmers from the volatile impacts of market fluctuations and climate change.

The move is a direct response to Zimbabwe’s Vision 2030, which prioritises agricultural transformation as a cornerstone for economic growth and stability.

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Prospect Lithium Marks Historic First with Lithium Sulphate Export

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Prospect Lithium of Zimbabwe has dispatched its first consignment of lithium sulphate from its newly commissioned US$400 million processing plant at Arcadia Mine.

According to the company, this is the first time lithium sulphate has been produced not only in Zimbabwe but across the African continent.

The milestone signals a significant move towards increased local processing of lithium, rather than exporting raw or semi-processed materials.

Prospect described the development as a breakthrough for the country and region, noting that the shipment represents the first production of lithium salts in Zimbabwe and Africa, and highlights progress in mineral beneficiation and industrial growth.

Zimbabwe has been tightening its policies on lithium exports in recent years. In 2022, the government banned the export of raw lithium, pushing mining companies to process the mineral into concentrates.

At that time, major players, including Prospect Lithium (owned by Huayou Cobalt), had already begun upgrading their operations.

In 2025, authorities raised the requirements further, announcing that by 2027, lithium producers will be expected to export sulphate, a higher-value product used in the manufacture of battery materials.

To support this transition, a 10% tax was introduced on lithium concentrates to encourage further processing.

Earlier this year, the government also temporarily halted concentrate exports, later allowing limited shipments under a quota system as producers adjust to the new value-addition requirements.

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