China continues to solidify its position as a powerhouse in artificial intelligence, fueled by an unparalleled pipeline of STEM talent that far outpaces global rivals, according to recent data and expert analysis.

At the heart of this surge is China’s massive annual output of STEM graduates.

Latest figures indicate the country produces approximately 3.57 million science, technology, engineering and mathematics graduates each year, representing about 40-45% of all university degrees.

This vast talent pool – roughly four times that of the United States’ 800,000 annual STEM graduates – provides the human capital driving breakthroughs in AI research, patents and applications.

Experts highlight that China’s STEM dominance extends to advanced degrees.

Projections indicate that Chinese universities will award over 77,000 STEM PhDs annually by 2025-2026, nearly double the U.S. figure of approximately 40,000. Within this, AI-specific expertise is growing rapidly, with China producing almost half of the world’s top AI researchers and leading in AI publications.

This talent advantage translates into tangible outputs. China now accounts for more than 70% of global AI patents, including a commanding share in generative AI, underscoring its strategic focus on open-source development and inclusive innovation.

Victor Gao, a prominent Chinese scholar interviewed at the Doha Forum, emphasised this approach in discussions on the AI revolution.

He warned against any single nation’s dominance, advocating for open-source AI to ensure global participation and prevent existential risks, such as AI surpassing human control.

“China’s model lowers barriers, allowing broader access and collaboration,” Gao said.

Despite challenges, including a projected shortage of millions of AI professionals by 2030 amid soaring demand, Beijing’s investments in education and research – including billions in semiconductor and AI funds – are bridging gaps and attracting global talent.

What Africa Can Learn from China’s AI Talent Strategy

As African nations seek to harness AI for development, China’s experience offers valuable insights for building sovereign capabilities in the technology.

With a youthful population of over 1.4 billion and emerging tech hubs in cities like Nairobi and Lagos, Africa has immense potential.

However, the continent produces an estimated 675,000 STEM graduates annually, a fraction of China’s output relative to population needs.

Experts recommend the following steps:

• Massive Investment in STEM Education — Emulate China’s focus by expanding universities, vocational programs and scholarships to target 1 million annual STEM graduates by 2030, prioritising software engineering and AI.
• Develop Specialised AI Pipelines — Establish centres of excellence and partnerships with Chinese institutions for knowledge transfer, aiming for tens of thousands of AI specialists.
• Promote Open-Source Adoption — Leverage affordable Chinese AI frameworks to address local issues like agriculture and healthcare, fostering innovation without dependency.
• Strengthen Ethical Governance — Create national AI strategies emphasising privacy and fairness to protect sovereignty amid global competition.
• Build Strategic Partnerships — Use forums like the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation to secure infrastructure investments while prioritising local capacity-building.
• By adapting these lessons, Africa can transition from AI consumer to contributor, driving equitable growth in the intelligence age.
• China’s AI ascent demonstrates that strategic talent development can reshape global dynamics. For emerging regions like Africa, the path forward lies in proactive investment and collaboration to ensure technology serves inclusive progress.